intro title무연고 사망자 1216명에 대한 기록

지난 609일 동안 서울에서 공영장례를 치른 무연고 사망자는 1216명. 같은 기간 서울의 코로나19 사망자 584명(2021년 9월1일 0시 기준)의 갑절이 넘는다. 삶도 불평등했지만, 죽음도 불평등했다. 코로나19로 인한 사회적 고립 심화는 가난하고 소외된 ‘투명인간’들의 목숨을 더 먼저, 더 많이 빼앗아갔다. 2021년 1~8월 서울의 무연고 사망자(551명)는 지난해 같은 기간보다 37.8% 늘었다. 지난 4년간 전국 무연고 사망자 연평균 증가율(13.9%)보다 3배 가까이 높다. 이들은 어떤 삶을 살았을까. 무연고 사망자 1216명의 삶을 들여다봤다.

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1216
map

무연고 사망자가 가장 많이 집계된 영등포구

서울 영등포구. 무연고 사망자가 가장 많이 집계되는 자치구다. 무연고 사망자 10명 중 1명이 이곳에서 살다가 숨졌다. 영등포 쪽방촌. 물이 낮은 곳에 고이듯, 빈곤과 질병이 고인 곳이다. 지난 609일 동안 이곳에서 무연고로 세상을 떠난 이가 15명에 이른다. 이 중에는 같은 주소지에 살았던 이들도 있다. 주소지 4곳에서 9명이 숨졌다. 이들은 저마다 개별적인 삶을 살았지만, 어딘가 닮았다. 가난했고, 몸과 마음이 아팠고, 술을 마셨다. 주소가 모두 ‘서울 영등포구 경인로’로 시작하는 4곳의 쪽방에서 ‘바닥의 삶’을 살다가, 불평등한 죽음을 맞은 투명인간들의 삶 속으로 한 걸음 들어가본다.

쪽방 주민과 가족, 관리인의 이름, 쪽방 주소는 모두 가명입니다.

무연고 사망자 1216명의 삶과 죽음은 다른 듯 닮았다. 태어날 때부터 세상을 떠나는 순간까지 그들의 삶은 미로 안에 갇힌 듯 가난, 질병, 가족관계 단절, 사회적 고립 등이 이어졌다. 사회는 그 낮은 바닥의 삶을 떠받쳐주지 못했다. 1216명의 죽음을 연령대별로 나눠보면 60대가 3명 중 1명 꼴로 가장 많았다. 하지만 3살 이하 어린 아기(6명)와 20~30대 청년(22명) 등 젊은 나이에 안타깝게 세상을 떠난 이들도 있었다. 이 무연고 사망자의 생애과정을 따라가본다.

age 1age 2age 3age 4age 5

태어나자마자 또는 태어난 지 몇 달이 되지 않아 무연고자로 죽음을 맞이하는 아이들이 있다. 20개월 동안 6명의 아이가 그렇게 세상을 떠났다.

1216명의 부고장

지난 609일(2020년 1월~2021년 8월) 동안 공영장례를 치른 서울 무연고 사망자 1216명의 사연을 전수조사했다. 서울시 공영장례를 지원하는 ‘나눔과나눔’이 그동안 ‘투명인간’ 1216명을 애도하며 꼼꼼히 기록한 내용이 바탕이 됐다. 그들의 삶이 단순히 무연고 사망자 숫자 이상으로 기록되길 바라며 1216명의 기본 정보와 사연을 싣는다. 개인정보가 드러나지 않도록, 이름은 모두 가명으로 바꿨다.

국화꽃을 클릭하면 무연고 사망자의 개별 정보를 볼 수 있다. 분류 기준을 클릭하면 이에 해당하는 정보만 뜬다. 예를 들어 ‘10대 이하’를 누르면 10대 이하 무연고 사망자 정보만 따로 볼 수 있다.

성별
연령
관할 구청
거주지
사망일
국민기초생활보장제도
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통계로 보는 1216명의 삶과 죽음

2020년 1월1일~2021년 8월31일(공영장례식 날짜 기준), 자료: 사단법인 나눔과나눔

성별

남성
1018명 83.7%
여성
196명 16.1%
기타(성별 구분 불가)
2명 0.2%

나이

20대 이하
10명 0.8%
30대
18명 1.5%
40대
91명 7.5%
50대
271명 22.3%
60대
370명 30.4%
70대
285명 23.4%
80대 이상
160명 13.2%
연령 구분 불가
11명 0.9%

기초생활 수급자 여부

수급자
760명 62.5%
수급자 아님
456명 37.5%

주거지 형태

주택
515명 42.4%
고시원
237명 19.5%
아파트
116명 9.5%
쪽방
94명 7.7%
요양병원
59명 4.9%
여관
55명 4.5%
주민센터
53명 4.4%
시설
22명 1.8%
기타
66명 5.4%

사망장소

거주지
372명 30.6%
병원
767명 63.1%
요양병원
317명 26.1%
거리
51명 4.2%
시설
6명 0.5%
기타
18명 1.5%

담당 자치구

(공영장례 업무 담당 기준)

*대부분 무연고 사망자 거주지. 일부 사망장소도 포함

영등포구
134명 11.0%
용산구
80명 6.6%
중구
80명 6.6%
종로구
78명 6.4%
중랑구
75명 6.2%
구로구
70명 5.8%
강서구
62명 5.1%
동대문구
58명 4.8%
금천구
52명 4.3%
강북구
46명 3.8%
관악구
44명 3.6%
은평구
43명 3.5%
노원구
43명 3.5%
동작구
41명 3.4%
광진구
39명 3.2%
성북구
39명 3.2%
서대문구
39명 3.2%
송파구
38명 3.1%
강동구
34명 2.8%
도봉구
27명 2.2%
양천구
27명 2.2%
마포구
26명 2.1%
서초구
16명 1.3%
성동구
14명 1.2%
강남구
11명 0.9%

사망
원인에서
나타나는
불평등

*사인별 비중 단위: %(사인별 사망자/전체 사망자), 나백주 서울시립대 도시보건대학원 교수 분석자료

사망 원인
2020년 무연고 사망자(665명)
달리 분류되지 않는 증상
24.4
간 질환
5.4
호흡기 결핵
2.1
고의적 자해(자살)
4.2
순환계통 질환(뇌혈관 등)
18.8
암(악성신생물)
16.1
호흡계통의 질환(폐렴 등)
12.4
전국 사망자(29만5110명)
9.5
2.2
0.5
4.7
20.4
27.5
6.9
outro

에필로그1216명, 숫자만큼이나 다양한 삶이었지만 그들의 죽음은 ①연고자 없음 ②연고자 알 수 없음 ③연고자가 시신 인수 거부·기피, 이 중 하나로 수렴됐다. 세상을 떠난 뒤에야 투명인간들의 존재가 ‘무연고 사망자’라는 이름 아래 숫자로 드러난다. 비록 가난, 질병, 관계 단절 등으로 투명인간 같은 삶을 살았을지라도 그들도 누군가의 자녀, 배우자, 부모, 형제자매, 지인이었다는 점에서 우리와 다르지 않았다. 그 삶들이 단순한 숫자 이상으로 기억되길 바라며 투명인간 1216명의 삶과 죽음을 기록했다. 불과 몇 년 전만 하더라도 추모와 애도를 담은 ‘장례’라는 최후의 이별 의식도 없이 무연고자 주검은 그저 ‘처리’되기만 했다. 하지만 서울에서는 2018년부터 서울시립승화원에서 거의 매일 치러지는 공영장례를 통해 투명인간들이 세상을 떠나는 마지막 길을 배웅하고 있다.

스크롤